05ISTANBUL1680
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin 05ISTANBUL1680 2005-09-27 16:47 2011-08-24 01:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Consulate Istanbul This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available. UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 ISTANBUL 001680
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
DEPARTMENT FOR EUR/SE
E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: PREL PGOV PHUM TU AM SUBJECT: "ALTERNATIVE ARMENIAN CONFERENCE" GOES FORWARD WITH GOT SUPPORT
REF: A. ISTANBUL 1655
¶B. ANKARA 4951
¶C. ANKARA 3032
¶1. (U) Summary: The "Alternative Armenian Conference" (on Armenians in the late Ottoman Empire) unfolded without incident on September 24 and 25 at a campus of its third organizer, Bilgi University, less than 48 hours after an Istanbul court had attempted to block it. Foreign Minister Gul, who, along with PM Erdogan, had earlier condemned the court's intervention, saluted the initiative and expressed hope it would contribute to improving relations with Armenia. It was a victory of courage and persistence for conference organizers and presenters; the government,s reaction is without precedent. Widely covered in the press, the conference attracted only scattered protests, although some participants were splattered with tomatoes and eggs. Still to be seen is the reaction of the Turkish legal system, which in the past has sought to prosecute those who dared to question Turkish orthodoxy on the events of 1915. End Summary.
¶2. (SBU) With GOT encouragement and support, three Istanbul universities faced down a court order and nationalist protesters to hold their twice-postponed "Alternative Armenian" conference at an "alternative" location. Following Justice Minister Cicek's suggestion, conference organizers quickly moved the event to Bilgi University, the third co-organizer, unnamed in the court injunction (ref A) and opened there on September 23. The original three-day program was condensed into two. More than 300 participants stayed for close to 12 hours on both Saturday and Sunday to hear panel after panel of historians, sociologists and journalists -- more than 40 in total -- challenge the traditional Turkish narrative about the mass killings and forced deportation of ethnic Armenians in 1915-1916.
¶3. (U) Presenters covered topics ranging from academic issues (inadequate archival information, biased interpretations, and politicization of the issue), to historical facts (the relationship between societies in the Ottoman Empire, tales of escape, witness reports) and present day implications, including the "historical-psychological suffocation of Turkish public opinion on the Armenian problem." While the "G Word" -- a term the presenters, themselves used in English -- was uttered on more than one occasion, participants were at pains to explain that the conference's aim was not to decide whether or not genocide had been committed, but to freely air academic views on a heretofore taboo subject.
A Milestone
¶4. (U) There was an air of nervous excitement and a sense that history was being made inside the conference grounds Saturday morning, as registrars carefully checked for invitations and identity documents. Even academics who had earlier expressed skepticism, saying the event had "lost its academic value," acknowledged that the mere fact they were holding it marked an important mi\estone. Several participants praised Bilgi University for stepping in at the last minute.
¶5. (SBU) Conference organizing committee member Edhem Eldem was modest in his characterization of the event, saying that it was perhaps "a little naive" to think the conference would change things at a national level. For his part, controversial Turkish scholar Halil Berktay saw the event as immensely important and told poloff that the conference was no longer about history, but about democracy and the role of civil society in Turkey. Hrant Dink, publisher of Turkey's only Armenian-language newspaper, Agos, thought another major benefit of the conference could be to soften the Armenian diaspora's hard attitudes.
View on GOT Reaction: Thumbs Up
¶6. (U) Several conference participants expressed to us satisfaction with the government response to Thursday's cancellation notice (ref A). In addition to the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister's comments condemning the conference's postponement, even Turkey's Higher Education Board (YOK), often a source of controversy itself, received points from this academic community for its statement criticizing the court's intervention. Participants also expressed appreciation for the tone of the messag&*from Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul, delivered at the opening of the conference by Bogazici University Rector Ayse Soysal.
¶7. (U) In his greeting, Gul pledged Turkey would continue work in modernizing its archives, and said that a deeper examination of history would contribute to improved relations between governments and peoples. He pointed to Turkey and Armenia's 1000 years of shared history, during which the two societies contributed to each other's culture, prosperity and security. He claimed that tolerance toward Armenians in Turkish society "constitutes a major advantage for the future of relations between the two peoples." He lamented that many historical studies about that "tragic period" were subjective and politicized, and stressed that society must learn what happened and draw lessons from the facts. He added that he hoped the "alternative" conference would constitute a contribution to awareness-raising. (Complete text of Gul remarks e-mailed to EUR/SE.)
More on Content
¶8. (U) After opening remarks by the rectors of Bogazici, Sabanci and Bilgi universities, the first panel comprised presenters whom one observer called "the most hated by the nationalists" (Murat Belge, Halil Berktay and Selim Deringil). Composed but tense, they kicked off the event, and had visually relaxed by the Q and A session. Throughout the day, while not shying away from provocative language about historical facts, presenters focused on the importance of breaking taboos and confronting denial. Fikret Adanir, a Turkish historian who has for years challenged Turkish orthodoxy on the events of 1915, instead of striking a controversial tone, noted that the most important thing was for the government to brin'about conditions to allow everyone to examine all available information for themselves and make up their Nn minds. This remark brought the greatest applause of the day on Saturday. Day two,s presentations took oa "therapy s!ssion" character at times, with one presenter 4ting that t(Y Qmenian and TMQish people needed two clinics: one for trauma and one for paranoia.
¶9. (U) Throughout the weekend there were lamentations about diversity lost forever and "defense mechanisms" used by Turks when discussing thE$topic. TheQighlight of Sunday, however, was an emotional presentation by Hrant Dink, who moved many in he audience to tears. Dink, who already has two cases opened against him in Istanbul courts for "insulting the state," used the expression "I am a person from Turkey," rather than a Turk, to descriwe himself anDexplained whyuArmenians feel attached to the land here - they want, he said, to be buried where they camQ from. Many drew parallels between the "Armenian problem" and the currently Kurdish pr-Qlem, with warnings about the danger of the mass mobilization of hate.
¶10. (U) Most questions posed to the panelists were respectful an in the spirit of an academic onference. Examples include, "Why did many Armenians run to Syria, still part of the Ottoman Empire, if the empire were so evil?" and "Did researchers have any exact number of fully emptied villageQC around Ankara that had been referenced?" And from a U.S.-based Turkish scholar, "Why didn,t the conference organizers invite independent,academic voice+`from the Armenian diaspora?"
Lonely disenters, outnumbered protesters
¶11. (SBU) A few participants did attempt to interrupt speakers and provoke a reaction. One such interjector apparently came from the ranks of the nationalist Turkish Forum group, which includes several retired generals. In another instance, one Marmara University professor engaged in a loud exchange with several participants. The incident ended quickly, and the professor reportedly decided to leave the conference, but not before cameras had captured a heated discussion between him and presenter Halil Berktay. (Note: Some academics at the conference told us they wished Berktay would not be so provocative; it made them uncomfortable. End note.)
¶12. (U) Promised protests were limited, causing anti-conference commentators on a Kanal B television program Sunday night to appear perplexed as to why so few in a city of 15 million had come out to express their outrage. On Saturday morning, some 250-300 Workers Party members demonstrated, chanting slogans against, among other things, philanthropist George Soros, who contributes to Bilgi University. (Bilgi organizers reportedly took out 300 sandwiches to offer the protesters, which they refused.) In the afternoon, a demonstration by members of the Nationalist People's Party (MHP) was quickly dispersed and, by the time participants exited in the afternoon, just a small group of protesters lingered. Despite their relatively small numbers, however, protesters did inflict some damage, as they showered attendees, including former Deputy Prime Minister Erdal Inonu, with eggs and rotten tomatoes. Inonu nevertheless made a dignified exit on foot, refusing to accept police offers of a taxi and instead facing down the demonstrators.
13 (SBU) Comment: It is a tribute to the courage and persistence of this conference,s organizers and presenters that it finally got off the ground. The government deserves plaudits for its defense of the conference,s right to proceed this time around.
¶14. (SBU) Comment, continued: This conference represents a milestone for academic freedom in Turkey. It remains to be seen if it represents a milestone in freedom of expression as well, as it is not out of the question that a prosecutor could open a case against one or more participants for their remarks to the conference. (The conference was filmed in its entirety by several news agencies, so there will be no question about what was actually said.) But, this conference is only the most recent example showing that social change is afoot and more open public debate on the rise. End comment.
JONES