Cygnus olor
Rare and Endangered Animals of Armenia
The Mute Swan
File:200px-ISU mute swans.jpg File:200px-Swans.jpg The Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) is a common Eurasian member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae.
This bird is found naturally mainly in temperate areas of Europe and western Asia. It is not migratory, although eastern populations must move in winter when the lakes freeze.
Owing to its looks, this species is often kept in captivity to decorate parks and ponds, and descendants of such birds have become naturalised in the eastern United States and Great Lakes. In some locations, such as Chesapeake Bay, the numbers of these feral birds has increased to the point where they are considered pests because they compete with native birds for habitat and food.
Mute Swans flying at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, EnglandThis huge swan is 125-155 cm long with a 200-240 cm wingspan. They stand over 1.2 m (four feet) tall Males are larger than females. This is one of the heaviest flying birds, with males weighing more than 12kg (27 lb), and females more than 11 kg (25 lb).
Its size, orange-reddish bill and white plumage make this swan almost unmistakable. The most similar species is Whooper Swan, but that has a yellow and black bill, and lacks the curved "swan" neck and is longer and heavier.
Young birds, called "cygnets" are greyish rather than white, and lack the bright red bill.
Two adult Mute Swans with their cygnetMute Swans nest on large mounds that they build in the middle of a shallow lake. These monogamous birds reuse the same nest each year, restoring or rebuilding it as needed. Male and female swans share the care of the nest, and once the cygnets are fledged it is not uncommon to see whole families looking for food. They feed on submerged aquatic vegetation, reached with their long bills.
The resident mute swans, Sir Lancelot and Elaine, at Iowa State University, Ames, IowaAlthough this bird can be tame, especially to those who feed it daily, it is aggressive in defence of its nest, and its size and impressive hissing make it a formidable adversary for animals as large as a fox; a grunt, on the other hand, may be a positive signal. There have been many reports of Mute Swans attacking people who enter their territory.
However, the Mute Swan is less vocal than the noisy Whooper and Bewick's Swans; the most familiar sound associated with Mute Swan is the whooshing of the wings in flight once this bird has laboriously taken off from the water. Unlike Black Swans, Mute Swans are strongly territorial. The familiar pose with neck curved back and wings half raised is a threat display.
The Mute Swan is protected in most of its range, but this has not prevented illegal hunting and poaching.
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Animal in Armenia
Թշշան կարապ ("Tshshan karap")
Status
Rare species.
Habitat in Armenia
Met in Armenia on Lake Sevan during the flights and wintering periods.
Number in the wild
In the winter of 1979 – 80 and 1984 – 85 fifty – sixty species kept in on Lake Sevan.
Reasons for decrease in number
Has always been a rare bird in Armenia.
Number in captivity
8 species kept in Yerevan zoo.
Measures of protection taken
Catch is forbidden in the territory of Armenia.