Catholicos
Catholicos (plural Catholicoi, due to its Greek origin) is the highest position in the Armenian Church - similar to that of the pope for Catholics.
Due to the history of the church, Armenians have two Catholicoi, one is the Catholicos of All Armenians, the head bishop of Armenia's dominant church, the Armenian Apostolic Church headquartered in Armenia. That church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches that separated from the rest of the Christian church in 451 as a result of the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon. In Armenian, the word is pronounced Katoghikos (arm: Կաթողիկոս). The Catholicos resides at Ejmiatsin, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over, and consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of the world who belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church, including the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Sis.
The other Catholicos - head of the Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia - was established when the church headquarters was transferred from Armenia to Cilicia in 1058. Although the see at Echmiadzin was restored in 1441, the Cilician catholicosate continued in existence, and continues to exist to the present day. Today the see is located in Antelias, Lebanon. The Catholicos of Armenia and All Armenians claims sovereignty over the Catholicos of Cilicia, though the latter operates independently.